MIAMI, FLORIDA
CHARTER AND CODE City of MIAMI, FLORIDA Codified through Ord. No. 11797, enacted May 11, 1999. (Supplement No. 7)
PART II THE CODE*
Chapter 46 PUBLIC NUISANCES*
Charter reference(s)--Power of city to abate nuisances, § 3(p)
State law reference(s)--Public nuisances, F.S. chs. 381--386.
Sec. 46-1. Definitions
(a) Any building, place or premises located in the city which has been used on three or more occasions, documented by substantiated incidences, as the site of the unlawful sale or delivery of controlled substances, or for any act as defined in F.S. ch. 893, and where there has been at least one criminal conviction for the acts defined in F.S. ch. 893, within a six-month period from the date of the first substantiated incident, at the same location, is hereby declared to be an unlawful public nuisance. In the absence of a certified conviction at the premises, the allegations of F.S. ch. 893 related to public nuisance must be substantiated by seven documented instances within a six-month period from the date of the first documented instance in order to support a finding of public nuisance at the premises.
(b) Any building, place or premises located in the city which has been used on three or more occasions, documented by substantiated incidences, as the site of the prohibited activities in F.S. ch. 849, defined as gambling, maintaining a gambling house, illegal betting, bookmaking activities, gambling promotion, possession and/or use of gambling devices, and where there has been at least one criminal conviction for the acts defined in F.S. ch. 849 within a six-month period from the date of the first substantiated incident, at the same location, is hereby declared to be an unlawful public nuisance. In the absence of a certified conviction at the premises, the allegations of F.S. ch. 849 related to public nuisance must be substantiated by seven documented instances within a six-month period from the date of the first documented instance in order to support a finding of public nuisance at the premises.
(c) Any building, place or premises located in the city which has been used on three or more occasions, documented by substantiated incidences, as the site of the prohibited activities in F.S. ch. 796, defined as keeping, leasing or letting a house of ill fame and/or allowing a premises or room to be used for the purpose of prostitution, lewdness or assignation; forcing, compelling or coercing another to become a prostitute and/or deriving support from the proceeds of prostitution and where there has been at least one criminal conviction for the acts defined in F.S. ch. 796 within a six-month period from the date of the first substantiated incident, at the same location, is hereby declared to be an unlawful public nuisance. In the absence of a certified conviction at the premises, the allegations of F.S. ch. 796 related to public nuisance must be substantiated by seven documented instances within a six-month period from the date of the first documented instance in order to support a finding of public nuisance at the premises.
(d) Any building, place or premises located in the city which has been used for acts enumerated in F.S. ch. 823, on three or more occasions, documented by substantiated incidences, as the site of the prohibited activity defined as those acts which tend to annoy the community or injure the health of city citizens in general or corrupt the public morals, and which have occurred as singular acts in violation of F.S. ch. 823 or in any collective combination of the various sections thereunder, and where there has been at least one criminal conviction for such acts within a six-month period from the date of the first substantiated incident, is further declared to be an unlawful public nuisance. In the absence of a certified conviction at the premises, the allegations of F.S. ch. 823 related to public nuisance must be substantiated by seven documented instances within a six-month period from the date of the first documented instance in order to support a finding of public nuisance at the premises.
(e) Any building, place or premises located in the city which has been used on five or more occasions, documented by substantiated incidents, as the site of prohibited activity enumerated in section 6-39, defined as keeping or harboring noisy dogs, and/or the site of prohibited activities defined in chapter 36, defined as being the cause and/or source of loud, excessive, unnecessary or unusual noise, and have occurred either as the same repeated acts in violation of section 6-39 or chapter 36 or in any collective combination of acts involving the Code provisions and where it can be established by substantiated incidences that the same property was used for such acts on five or more occasions within a six-month period from the date of the first substantiated incident, is hereby declared to be an unlawful public nuisance.
(f) Any building, place or premises located in the city which has been used on three or more occasions, as documented by substantiated incidences as the site of the prohibited activities as defined in F.S. ch. 874, for the purpose of conducting a pattern of youth or street gang activity and where there has been at least one criminal conviction for a violation of Florida Statutes or a conviction wherein the penalty was reclassified pursuant to F.S. § 874.04 within a six-month period from the date of the first substantiated incident, at the same location, is hereby declared to be an unlawful public nuisance. In the absence of a certified conviction at the premises, the allegations of F.S. ch. 874 related to public nuisance must be substantiated by seven documented instances within a six-month period from the date of the first documented instance in order to support a finding of public nuisance at the premises.
(g) For the purpose of this chapter, "substantiated incident" shall mean any legally prohibited activity and/or occurrence enumerated herein for which a city police officer has been dispatched to investigate or which an officer independently arrives at a location and makes a personal observation of a use of property in violation of the law as enumerated herein and makes a report of the prohibited activity regardless of whether such occurrence results in an arrest of any individual for the prohibited activity; or in the case of a breach of section 6-39 and/or chapter 36, shall mean such acts may be verified by observation affidavit or report from a private citizen or a public service aide employed by the police department.
(h) For the purpose of this chapter, "conviction" is hereby defined and applied in accordance with the provisions of rule 3.701(d)(2) of the Florida Rules of Criminal Procedure.
(i) For the purpose of this chapter "operator" means an owner or person having possession or charge of as agent or otherwise having interest in or control of the building, place or premises.
(j) For the purpose of this chapter, "complaint" shall mean the official process by which cases are initiated and brought before the nuisance abatement board.
(Ord. No. 10883, § 1, 5-9-91; Ord. No. 10990, § 2, 6-11-92; Code 1980, § 45.5-1; Ord. No. 11573, § 2, 11-26-97)
Sec. 46-8. Enjoining of nuisances
When any business person, party or entity is found to be erecting, establishing, continuing, maintaining ownership or to be leasing the use of any building, places or premises located in the city and in which the health of the community is threatened or the morals and welfare of the people are injured and in which any nuisance exists, as defined in F.S. chs. 823, 893, 796 or 849 or any of the Code sections as stated herein, such business persons, parties or entities may be sued by the city attorney in the name of the State of Florida or by any citizen of the city for such relief and damages as may be recognized by law.
(1) The nuisance abatement board may bring a complaint under F.S. § 60.05 and seek a permanent injunction against any public nuisance.
(2) All powers and rights conferred by this section shall be in addition to and supplemental to those conferred by any other general or special laws governing public nuisances and shall be liberally construed to effectuate the purpose of this chapter.
(Ord. No. 10883, § 1, 5-9-91; Code 1980, § 45.5-8)

PALM BEACH COUNTY, FLORIDA
CODE County of PALM BEACH, FLORIDA Ord. No. 98-2, adopted January 13, 1998. (Supplement No. 32)
PALM BEACH COUNTY CODE
Chapter 20 NUISANCES*
Sec. 20-37. Definitions
(a) Public nuisance: Any place or premises within Palm Beach County which has been used on more than two (2) occasions, within a six-month period:
(4) Any place or building used by a youth and street gang for the purpose of conducting a pattern of youth and street gang activity as defined in Florida Statutes, chapter 874.

RENO, NEVADA
PART 2 RENO MUNICIPAL CODE
Title 8 PUBLIC PEACE, SAFETY AND MORALS*
CHAPTER 8.22. ABATEMENT OF NUISANCES*
ARTICLE I. GENERAL PROVISIONS
Sec. 8.22.020. Purpose and scope
(a) It is determined and declared as follows:
(1) The city has a substantial and legitimate interest in seeing that its community, including property, buildings and premises within its limits, is kept in a safe and aesthetically pleasing condition;
(2) The keeping or maintaining of property, buildings and premises at variance with the level of maintenance of surrounding properties will result in blighting and/or unsafe conditions and substantial diminution in the employment, use, aesthetic and property values of such surrounding properties;
(3) It is desirous to promote the maintenance of property, buildings and premises in order to enhance the livability, community appearance, and the safe, social and economic conditions of the community;
(4) The increase of graffiti on both public and private buildings, structures and places is creating a condition of blight within the city which results in the deterioration of property and business values for adjacent and surrounding properties, all to the detriment of the city;
(5) A significant portion of the graffiti now appearing is related to the activities of youth gangs and that the prompt elimination of such graffiti from public view would contribute to the city's efforts to control and minimize the presence of youth gangs within the community; and
(6) The graffiti is obnoxious constituting a nuisance which must be abated so as to avoid the detrimental impact of such graffiti upon the city and to prevent the further spread thereof.
(b) The purpose of this chapter is to protect the health, safety and welfare of the citizens of Reno and to promote the maintenance of property, buildings and premises in order to enhance the livability, community appearance, and the safe, social and economic conditions of the community.
(c) This chapter shall apply to all property, buildings and premises within the city without regard to the use, the date of construction or alteration. (Ord. No. 4651, § 1, 7-9-96)

OKLAHOMA CITY, OKLAHOMA
ARTICLE VI. DRUG NUISANCE ABATEMENT
§ 35-171. Short title
This ordinance may be cited as the "Drug Nuisance Abatement Ordinance."
(Ord. No. 20099, § 1(35-87), 1-18-94)
§ 35-172. Statutory authority
This article is being enacted under authority of 11 O.S. § 22-121, as amended, and 50 O.S. §§ 16 and 17
(Ord. No. 20099, § 1(35-88), 1-18-94)
§ 35-173. Legislative findings
The Council of the City of Oklahoma City hereby makes the following findings:
(1) Illegal drugs and drug-related criminal activity exists in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, and adversely affects many neighborhoods throughout our City.
(2) Drugs and drug-related criminal activity have caused an increase in crime and violence and have deteriorated the habitability of some housing and rental accommodations in our City. This adverse effect is evidenced by:

1. Social-scientific studies which clearly show that a high proportion of violent and property crimes are committed by individuals who are engaged in drug-related criminal activity;
2. Studies which show that narcotic addiction directly causes an increase in crime intended to provide income to support the offender's addiction.

(3) Drugs and drug-related criminal activity on or near private property have and continue to adversely impact our City by:

1. diminishing some property value;
2. creating fear in some residents which keeps them from walking through or in public areas such as streets and parks;
3. increasing the volume of vehicular and pedestrian traffic to and from private property used as a marketplace for the sale of drugs and as a hideout for drug use, creating unsafe conditions for neighboring residents, especially children;
4. fostering the display and use of dangerous weapons and the discharge of firearms on or near private property;
5. increasing the number of violations of the controlled substance statutes and other criminal law, the Uniform Housing Code, the Fire Code and the Zoning Code on or near the property used for drug-related criminal activity;
6. increasing the incidence of petty crimes on or to public or private property, including vandalism and destruction of the neighboring public/private property, and increase in trash and debris on public/private property, and other crimes which result in the physical decay of our city's neighborhoods; and
7. having a continual and ongoing detrimental effect on the surrounding community and on our City as a whole regardless of the location of the private property used for drug-related criminal activity.

(4) Eliminating the use of property for drug-related criminal activity will have a positive impact on the community. The benefits to the community will include:

1. a reduction in the number of persons who intend to engage in drug-related criminal activity;
2. a reduction in the concentration of criminals in the affected community;

100. the elimination of the location at which operation of an illegal drug marketplace can continue;
101. a reduction in the number of drug users and the availability of illegal drugs in the community; and
102. a reduction in the drug users' income-generating crime in the surrounding neighborhood.

(5) Reducing the incidence of drug-related criminal activity in our city's neighborhoods will improve conditions for our City as a whole by:

1. reducing City-wide violence, property, and drug-related crime rates;
2. reducing the drug-related criminal activity in our city which will allow our City's Police Department to utilize resources for other projects;
3. increasing the general public order and improving the ability of our City to deal with other issues not related to illegal drug use;
4. improving property values in our City; and
5. improving the quality of life for all City residents.

(6) Based upon the foregoing, the Council finds that property used for drug-related criminal activity adversely affects public health, welfare and safety.
(Ord. No. 20099, § 1(35-89), 1-18-94)
§ 35-174. Purpose and intent
The public purpose of this ordinance is to prevent the use of private property as a marketplace for the sale of illegal drugs, as a haven for drug use, and as a location for drug-related criminal activity.
(Ord. No. 20099, § 1(35-90), 1-18-94)
§ 35-175. Definitions
For the purpose of this article, the following words, terms and phrases shall have the following meanings:
(1) Controlled substance statutes means 63 O.S. § 2-101 et seq., as amended, and 21 U.S.C. §§ 801 et seq., as amended.
(2) Drug-related criminal activity means engaging in one or both of the following acts by any person:

1. Violating any controlled substance statutes which creates or maintains a situation or condition that adversely impacts the peace, safety or health of persons who own, reside in or occupy real property located within 500 feet of such situation or condition. Such distance shall be measured from the situation or condition to the nearest property line of the affected real property; or
2. Allowing, permitting or maintaining any property for the purpose of violating any controlled substance statute that adversely impacts the peace, safety or health of persons who own, reside in or occupy real property located within 500 feet of such situation or condition. Such distance shall be measured from the situation or condition to the nearest property line of the affected real property.

(3) Illegal drugs means any substance whose sale, manufacture, storage, or gift is prohibited by a controlled substance statute.
(4) Known unlawful drug user, possessor, or seller means any person who has, within the knowledge of law enforcement personnel, been convicted in any court of any violation of a controlled substance statute.
(5) Owner means any individual, corporation, partnership, trust association, joint venture, and their respective agents who have a right to exert exclusive control, or any other legal entity recognized under Oklahoma law, who has a record interest in property used for drug-related criminal activity.
(6) Property used for drug-related criminal activity means any real property or the improvements or fixtures located thereon that are used in whole or in part for drug-related criminal activity.
(7) Tenant means any person who uses, resides in, has a record interest in or occupies property used for drug-related criminal activity, regardless of whether he/she has the consent of the owner to use, reside in or occupy such property.
(Ord. No. 20099, § 1(35-91), 1-18-94; Ord. No. 21030, § 1, 4-7-98)
§ 35-176. Property used for a drug-related criminal activity declared as a public nuisance per se
Pursuant to 11 O.S. § 22-121, as amended, the City of Oklahoma City declares that property used for drug-related criminal activity is a public nuisance per se.
(Ord. No. 20099, § 1(35-92), 1-18-94)
§ 35-177. Procedure used to abate a public nuisance per se
To abate a public nuisance per se as defined in § 35-175 and declared in § 35-176 of the Drug Nuisance Abatement Ordinance, the City Manager or his/her designated agent acting on behalf of the City of Oklahoma City shall follow this procedure:
(1) Before it brings a civil action, the City shall serve the owner and/or tenant a written statement demanding that the owner and/or tenant immediately terminate all drug-related criminal activity which exists at the property.

1. The City's decision to deliver a written statement to an owner and tenant shall be based on one or both of the following factors:
2. The property involved is known by general reputation in the community to be a location where drug-related criminal activity occurs; or
3. The property involved is known to law enforcement personnel as a location where drug-related criminal activity occurs.
4. The written statement to the owner and/or tenant shall contain the following information:

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